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r"""JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) <http://json.org> is a subset of JavaScript syntax (ECMA-262 3rd edition) used as a lightweight data interchange format. :mod:`simplejson` exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library :mod:`marshal` and :mod:`pickle` modules. It is the externally maintained version of the :mod:`json` library contained in Python 2.6, but maintains compatibility back to Python 2.5 and (currently) has significant performance advantages, even without using the optional C extension for speedups. Encoding basic Python object hierarchies:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> json.dumps(['foo', {'bar': ('baz', None, 1.0, 2)}]) '["foo", {"bar": ["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]' >>> print(json.dumps("\"foo\bar")) "\"foo\bar" >>> print(json.dumps(u'\u1234')) "\u1234" >>> print(json.dumps('\\')) "\\" >>> print(json.dumps({"c": 0, "b": 0, "a": 0}, sort_keys=True)) {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0} >>> from simplejson.compat import StringIO >>> io = StringIO() >>> json.dump(['streaming API'], io) >>> io.getvalue() '["streaming API"]' Compact encoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> obj = [1,2,3,{'4': 5, '6': 7}] >>> json.dumps(obj, separators=(',',':'), sort_keys=True) '[1,2,3,{"4":5,"6":7}]' Pretty printing:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> print(json.dumps({'4': 5, '6': 7}, sort_keys=True, indent=' ')) { "4": 5, "6": 7 } Decoding JSON:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> obj = [u'foo', {u'bar': [u'baz', None, 1.0, 2]}] >>> json.loads('["foo", {"bar":["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]') == obj True >>> json.loads('"\\"foo\\bar"') == u'"foo\x08ar' True >>> from simplejson.compat import StringIO >>> io = StringIO('["streaming API"]') >>> json.load(io)[0] == 'streaming API' True Specializing JSON object decoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> def as_complex(dct): ... if '__complex__' in dct: ... return complex(dct['real'], dct['imag']) ... return dct ... >>> json.loads('{"__complex__": true, "real": 1, "imag": 2}', ... object_hook=as_complex) (1+2j) >>> from decimal import Decimal >>> json.loads('1.1', parse_float=Decimal) == Decimal('1.1') True Specializing JSON object encoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> def encode_complex(obj): ... if isinstance(obj, complex): ... return [obj.real, obj.imag] ... raise TypeError('Object of type %s is not JSON serializable' % ... obj.__class__.__name__) ... >>> json.dumps(2 + 1j, default=encode_complex) '[2.0, 1.0]' >>> json.JSONEncoder(default=encode_complex).encode(2 + 1j) '[2.0, 1.0]' >>> ''.join(json.JSONEncoder(default=encode_complex).iterencode(2 + 1j)) '[2.0, 1.0]' Using simplejson.tool from the shell to validate and pretty-print:: $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m simplejson.tool { "json": "obj" } $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -m simplejson.tool Expecting property name: line 1 column 3 (char 2) """ from __future__ import absolute_import __version__ = '3.16.0' __all__ = [ 'dump', 'dumps', 'load', 'loads', 'JSONDecoder', 'JSONDecodeError', 'JSONEncoder', 'OrderedDict', 'simple_first', 'RawJSON' ] __author__ = 'Bob Ippolito <bob@redivi.com>' from decimal import Decimal from .errors import JSONDecodeError from .raw_json import RawJSON from .decoder import JSONDecoder from .encoder import JSONEncoder, JSONEncoderForHTML def _import_OrderedDict(): import collections try: return collections.OrderedDict except AttributeError: from . import ordered_dict return ordered_dict.OrderedDict OrderedDict = _import_OrderedDict() def _import_c_make_encoder(): try: from ._speedups import make_encoder return make_encoder except ImportError: return None _default_encoder = JSONEncoder( skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, use_decimal=True, namedtuple_as_object=True, tuple_as_array=True, iterable_as_array=False, bigint_as_string=False, item_sort_key=None, for_json=False, ignore_nan=False, int_as_string_bitcount=None, ) def dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, use_decimal=True, namedtuple_as_object=True, tuple_as_array=True, bigint_as_string=False, sort_keys=False, item_sort_key=None, for_json=False, ignore_nan=False, int_as_string_bitcount=None, iterable_as_array=False, **kw): """Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a ``.write()``-supporting file-like object). If *skipkeys* is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types (``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``. If *ensure_ascii* is false, then the some chunks written to ``fp`` may be ``unicode`` instances, subject to normal Python ``str`` to ``unicode`` coercion rules. Unless ``fp.write()`` explicitly understands ``unicode`` (as in ``codecs.getwriter()``) this is likely to cause an error. If *check_circular* is false, then the circular reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse). If *allow_nan* is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in strict compliance of the original JSON specification, instead of using the JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``). See *ignore_nan* for ECMA-262 compliant behavior. If *indent* is a string, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with a newline followed by that string repeated for each level of nesting. ``None`` (the default) selects the most compact representation without any newlines. For backwards compatibility with versions of simplejson earlier than 2.1.0, an integer is also accepted and is converted to a string with that many spaces. If specified, *separators* should be an ``(item_separator, key_separator)`` tuple. The default is ``(', ', ': ')`` if *indent* is ``None`` and ``(',', ': ')`` otherwise. To get the most compact JSON representation, you should specify ``(',', ':')`` to eliminate whitespace. *encoding* is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8. *default(obj)* is a function that should return a serializable version of obj or raise ``TypeError``. The default simply raises ``TypeError``. If *use_decimal* is true (default: ``True``) then decimal.Decimal will be natively serialized to JSON with full precision. If *namedtuple_as_object* is true (default: ``True``), :class:`tuple` subclasses with ``_asdict()`` methods will be encoded as JSON objects. If *tuple_as_array* is true (default: ``True``), :class:`tuple` (and subclasses) will be encoded as JSON arrays. If *iterable_as_array* is true (default: ``False``), any object not in the above table that implements ``__iter__()`` will be encoded as a JSON array. If *bigint_as_string* is true (default: ``False``), ints 2**53 and higher or lower than -2**53 will be encoded as strings. This is to avoid the rounding that happens in Javascript otherwise. Note that this is still a lossy operation that will not round-trip correctly and should be used sparingly. If *int_as_string_bitcount* is a positive number (n), then int of size greater than or equal to 2**n or lower than or equal to -2**n will be encoded as strings. If specified, *item_sort_key* is a callable used to sort the items in each dictionary. This is useful if you want to sort items other than in alphabetical order by key. This option takes precedence over *sort_keys*. If *sort_keys* is true (default: ``False``), the output of dictionaries will be sorted by item. If *for_json* is true (default: ``False``), objects with a ``for_json()`` method will use the return value of that method for encoding as JSON instead of the object. If *ignore_nan* is true (default: ``False``), then out of range :class:`float` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) will be serialized as ``null`` in compliance with the ECMA-262 specification. If true, this will override *allow_nan*. To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. NOTE: You should use *default* or *for_json* instead of subclassing whenever possible. """ # cached encoder if (not skipkeys and ensure_ascii and check_circular and allow_nan and cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and encoding == 'utf-8' and default is None and use_decimal and namedtuple_as_object and tuple_as_array and not iterable_as_array and not bigint_as_string and not sort_keys and not item_sort_key and not for_json and not ignore_nan and int_as_string_bitcount is None and not kw ): iterable = _default_encoder.iterencode(obj) else: if cls is None: cls = JSONEncoder iterable = cls(skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii, check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent, separators=separators, encoding=encoding, default=default, use_decimal=use_decimal, namedtuple_as_object=namedtuple_as_object, tuple_as_array=tuple_as_array, iterable_as_array=iterable_as_array, bigint_as_string=bigint_as_string, sort_keys=sort_keys, item_sort_key=item_sort_key, for_json=for_json, ignore_nan=ignore_nan, int_as_string_bitcount=int_as_string_bitcount, **kw).iterencode(obj) # could accelerate with writelines in some versions of Python, at # a debuggability cost for chunk in iterable: fp.write(chunk) def dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, use_decimal=True, namedtuple_as_object=True, tuple_as_array=True, bigint_as_string=False, sort_keys=False, item_sort_key=None, for_json=False, ignore_nan=False, int_as_string_bitcount=None, iterable_as_array=False, **kw): """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``. If ``skipkeys`` is false then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types (``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``. If ``ensure_ascii`` is false, then the return value will be a ``unicode`` instance subject to normal Python ``str`` to ``unicode`` coercion rules instead of being escaped to an ASCII ``str``. If ``check_circular`` is false, then the circular reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse). If ``allow_nan`` is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``). If ``indent`` is a string, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with a newline followed by that string repeated for each level of nesting. ``None`` (the default) selects the most compact representation without any newlines. For backwards compatibility with versions of simplejson earlier than 2.1.0, an integer is also accepted and is converted to a string with that many spaces. If specified, ``separators`` should be an ``(item_separator, key_separator)`` tuple. The default is ``(', ', ': ')`` if *indent* is ``None`` and ``(',', ': ')`` otherwise. To get the most compact JSON representation, you should specify ``(',', ':')`` to eliminate whitespace. ``encoding`` is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8. ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError. If *use_decimal* is true (default: ``True``) then decimal.Decimal will be natively serialized to JSON with full precision. If *namedtuple_as_object* is true (default: ``True``), :class:`tuple` subclasses with ``_asdict()`` methods will be encoded as JSON objects. If *tuple_as_array* is true (default: ``True``), :class:`tuple` (and subclasses) will be encoded as JSON arrays. If *iterable_as_array* is true (default: ``False``), any object not in the above table that implements ``__iter__()`` will be encoded as a JSON array. If *bigint_as_string* is true (not the default), ints 2**53 and higher or lower than -2**53 will be encoded as strings. This is to avoid the rounding that happens in Javascript otherwise. If *int_as_string_bitcount* is a positive number (n), then int of size greater than or equal to 2**n or lower than or equal to -2**n will be encoded as strings. If specified, *item_sort_key* is a callable used to sort the items in each dictionary. This is useful if you want to sort items other than in alphabetical order by key. This option takes precendence over *sort_keys*. If *sort_keys* is true (default: ``False``), the output of dictionaries will be sorted by item. If *for_json* is true (default: ``False``), objects with a ``for_json()`` method will use the return value of that method for encoding as JSON instead of the object. If *ignore_nan* is true (default: ``False``), then out of range :class:`float` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) will be serialized as ``null`` in compliance with the ECMA-262 specification. If true, this will override *allow_nan*. To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. NOTE: You should use *default* instead of subclassing whenever possible. """ # cached encoder if (not skipkeys and ensure_ascii and check_circular and allow_nan and cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and encoding == 'utf-8' and default is None and use_decimal and namedtuple_as_object and tuple_as_array and not iterable_as_array and not bigint_as_string and not sort_keys and not item_sort_key and not for_json and not ignore_nan and int_as_string_bitcount is None and not kw ): return _default_encoder.encode(obj) if cls is None: cls = JSONEncoder return cls( skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii, check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent, separators=separators, encoding=encoding, default=default, use_decimal=use_decimal, namedtuple_as_object=namedtuple_as_object, tuple_as_array=tuple_as_array, iterable_as_array=iterable_as_array, bigint_as_string=bigint_as_string, sort_keys=sort_keys, item_sort_key=item_sort_key, for_json=for_json, ignore_nan=ignore_nan, int_as_string_bitcount=int_as_string_bitcount, **kw).encode(obj) _default_decoder = JSONDecoder(encoding=None, object_hook=None, object_pairs_hook=None) def load(fp, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, use_decimal=False, namedtuple_as_object=True, tuple_as_array=True, **kw): """Deserialize ``fp`` (a ``.read()``-supporting file-like object containing a JSON document) to a Python object. *encoding* determines the encoding used to interpret any :class:`str` objects decoded by this instance (``'utf-8'`` by default). It has no effect when decoding :class:`unicode` objects. Note that currently only encodings that are a superset of ASCII work, strings of other encodings should be passed in as :class:`unicode`. *object_hook*, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given :class:`dict`. This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to support JSON-RPC class hinting). *object_pairs_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decode with an ordered list of pairs. The return value of *object_pairs_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders that rely on the order that the key and value pairs are decoded (for example, :func:`collections.OrderedDict` will remember the order of insertion). If *object_hook* is also defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority. *parse_float*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to ``float(num_str)``. This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`). *parse_int*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to ``int(num_str)``. This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. :class:`float`). *parse_constant*, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered. If *use_decimal* is true (default: ``False``) then it implies parse_float=decimal.Decimal for parity with ``dump``. To use a custom ``JSONDecoder`` subclass, specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. NOTE: You should use *object_hook* or *object_pairs_hook* instead of subclassing whenever possible. """ return loads(fp.read(), encoding=encoding, cls=cls, object_hook=object_hook, parse_float=parse_float, parse_int=parse_int, parse_constant=parse_constant, object_pairs_hook=object_pairs_hook, use_decimal=use_decimal, **kw) def loads(s, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, use_decimal=False, **kw): """Deserialize ``s`` (a ``str`` or ``unicode`` instance containing a JSON document) to a Python object. *encoding* determines the encoding used to interpret any :class:`str` objects decoded by this instance (``'utf-8'`` by default). It has no effect when decoding :class:`unicode` objects. Note that currently only encodings that are a superset of ASCII work, strings of other encodings should be passed in as :class:`unicode`. *object_hook*, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given :class:`dict`. This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to support JSON-RPC class hinting). *object_pairs_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decode with an ordered list of pairs. The return value of *object_pairs_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders that rely on the order that the key and value pairs are decoded (for example, :func:`collections.OrderedDict` will remember the order of insertion). If *object_hook* is also defined, the *object_pairs_hook* takes priority. *parse_float*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to ``float(num_str)``. This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. :class:`decimal.Decimal`). *parse_int*, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to ``int(num_str)``. This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. :class:`float`). *parse_constant*, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: ``'-Infinity'``, ``'Infinity'``, ``'NaN'``. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered. If *use_decimal* is true (default: ``False``) then it implies parse_float=decimal.Decimal for parity with ``dump``. To use a custom ``JSONDecoder`` subclass, specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. NOTE: You should use *object_hook* or *object_pairs_hook* instead of subclassing whenever possible. """ if (cls is None and encoding is None and object_hook is None and parse_int is None and parse_float is None and parse_constant is None and object_pairs_hook is None and not use_decimal and not kw): return _default_decoder.decode(s) if cls is None: cls = JSONDecoder if object_hook is not None: kw['object_hook'] = object_hook if object_pairs_hook is not None: kw['object_pairs_hook'] = object_pairs_hook if parse_float is not None: kw['parse_float'] = parse_float if parse_int is not None: kw['parse_int'] = parse_int if parse_constant is not None: kw['parse_constant'] = parse_constant if use_decimal: if parse_float is not None: raise TypeError("use_decimal=True implies parse_float=Decimal") kw['parse_float'] = Decimal return cls(encoding=encoding, **kw).decode(s) def _toggle_speedups(enabled): from . import decoder as dec from . import encoder as enc from . import scanner as scan c_make_encoder = _import_c_make_encoder() if enabled: dec.scanstring = dec.c_scanstring or dec.py_scanstring enc.c_make_encoder = c_make_encoder enc.encode_basestring_ascii = (enc.c_encode_basestring_ascii or enc.py_encode_basestring_ascii) scan.make_scanner = scan.c_make_scanner or scan.py_make_scanner else: dec.scanstring = dec.py_scanstring enc.c_make_encoder = None enc.encode_basestring_ascii = enc.py_encode_basestring_ascii scan.make_scanner = scan.py_make_scanner dec.make_scanner = scan.make_scanner global _default_decoder _default_decoder = JSONDecoder( encoding=None, object_hook=None, object_pairs_hook=None, ) global _default_encoder _default_encoder = JSONEncoder( skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, ) def simple_first(kv): """Helper function to pass to item_sort_key to sort simple elements to the top, then container elements. """ return (isinstance(kv[1], (list, dict, tuple)), kv[0])